J&J recalls Hemostatic Bone Putty – Class I recall

I have been writing about medical device recalls before  in few of my posts, mainly focusing on hip implant recalls. This posts is dedicated to share information about a medical implant that has been recently recalled. The purpose of this post is to bring attention to this recall and share official information released by the FDA.

Synthes a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson has issued a Class I recall of several batches of bone graft called Hemostatic Bone Putty. Class I recalls are the most serious ones, meaning that these devices poses serious risks to patients. Reports indicate serious “fire hazards” with this medical device. Yes, you read it correctly. According to FDA information there is a high risk for ignition with contact of “electrosurgical cautery“.

Doctors and patients who experienced problems with the device in question are urged to report problems to the FDA.

Source: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm316472.htm

Stranded fishermen left to die and the maritime law

It was back in April when I read the news of three Panamanian fisherman who drifted out on sea, due to some technical failure on their boat, leaving them 28 days adrift without food or water. Two of the fisherman died and the survivor was rescued after almost a month at sea by an Ecuadorian boat. This alone would be a horrible story but it has a twist that certainly shocked me. The stranded fishing boat, with all three man yet alive, was spotted by passengers of a cruise ship who notified crew members about the seemingly in distress fishermen. The grim part of the story is that the cruise-ship did not stopped to rescue or notified anyone about the fishermen in distress. The cruise ship continued its course, while two of  the fishermen died just a few days later. The full story covered in the news can be found here. Certainly there are aspects of this story that needs to be clarified and answer may come only after a thorough investigation. It is clear that the captain of cruise ship had a moral obligation to initiate a rescue operation if he knew about the distressed boat, but besides what is morally right there are laws that govern the seas and the captain must obey them. This is why I want to analyze this story from the perspective of maritime laws.

What maritime laws cover rescue at sea?

Many of the news relating the story stated that maritime law bound the captain to provide assistance to the distressed fishing boat. This is true, but I couldn’t find any reference in them to the actual law or regulation that covers this part. This was the main reason for me to write this post. I wanted to point out an actual law that covers this and shows what would have been the obligation of the captain. The maritime laws that govern the operations of vessels at sea were set in the “United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”. This addresses maritime boundaries of coastal states, passage of vessels, duties of the coastal states, rules for commercial and war ships, just to mention a few rules set by this Act. Part VII, Section I., Article 98. covers “Duty to render assistance“:

“1. Every State shall require the master of a ship flying its flag, in so far
as he can do so without serious danger to the ship, the crew or the passengers:
(a) to render assistance to any person found at sea in danger of
being lost;
(b) to proceed with all possible speed to the rescue of persons in
distress, if informed of their need of assistance, in so far as such
action may reasonably be expected of him;
(c) after a collision, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew
and its passengers and, where possible, to inform the other ship
of the name of his own ship, its port of registry and the nearest
port at which it will call.“

Evidence so far suggests that there was a serious overlooking of maritime regulations at a cruise ships command, but until an official investigation and perhaps a lawsuit against the company will prove them, these are simply factual allegations, from a legal point of view. It is up to admiralty attorneys representing such victims to prove in court that the captain’s failure to render assistance led to the death of two young man. The sole survivor, Adrian Vasquez, has already filed a a general maritime negligence and international tort action against Princess Cruise Line LTD, followed by another two lawsuits filed by family members of the deceased fisherman.

It is sad that this story has happened and I honestly hope that justice will prevail.

Protect your hip from metal on metal

It did not pass much time since the FDA Advisory Committee meeting held in June to discuss the ever growing concerns about the metal on metal type of hip replacement systems and yet another recall of a hip implant has been issued, just a few weeks after. This time the recall comes from Stryker Orthopaedics Inc. and the devices in question are the Rejuvenate and ABG II modular hip implant components. We are talking about a voluntary recall and according to official information from Stryker the reason for the recall is “potential risks associated with modular-neck stems”. Again the main fault of the systems seems to be corrosion, which can lead to a wide range of complications just like in the case of other recalled metal on metal designs. Just to clarify things, this system is different then the Depuy ASR THR that I mentioned in a previous post, but still uses two metal components. The complications seems to be similar, among which most concerning are the tissue damages and infections.

It seems that metal on metal hip replacement technology is not a good choice, be that used in an acetabular system of other companies like Depuy or in a modular system, just like in the case of the above mentioned recall. The word metal that we are talking about in regards of hip implants is actually an alloy, made out of chromium and cobalt and perhaps a more permanent solution to a truly long lasting hip implant lies in the material. Who knows what tomorrow’s technology will bring, perhaps carbon fiber implants will be the next best thing. Until a better solution is found patients are left with not only the damage caused by a high percentage of the recalled implants, but also with the fear of a premature revision surgery. While we wait for a better solutions the hip implant recalls seems to never stop. I already wrote several posts covering hip implant recalls and presented quite a few of the recalled implants, somewhat I did not talked about the Zimmer Durom Cups yet.

About the Zimmer Durom Cups

The Zimmer Durom Acetabular component’s  story is a little different from the other recalled hip replacements. This implant in fact was never recalled, but instead the manufacturer “temporarily”stopped distributing this implant in the United States. The reason behind that is not much different then in other cases: loosening and high revision rates. The manufacturer, Zimmer Holdings Inc., implied that the high failure rates can be associated with the lack of experience and lack of proper training of the surgeons and so, while it develops a more informative labeling and implements a more rigorous training program for physicians it won’t sell this product in the U.S.

The high revision rates of the Zimmer Durom Cups were first signaled by a nationally recognized surgeon Dr. Larry Dorr who notified the FDA, the manufacturing company and several other surgeons about his statistical findings on the high failure rates of these implants.  The news of the unusually high failure rates spread rapidly and many surgeons opted to stop using the implant. Not much time after Dr. Dorr’s findings hit the media Zimmer Inc. announced the market withdrawal of this product from the United States. The Zimmer Durom system is still being used outside the U.S.

Law of the Sea Treaty and its failure to pass once more

Those who follow my blog may know that the subjects I write about always have some connections to trending legal issues and news. This won’t be different this time either, and since in my last post I talked about about an important maritime topic, the Jones Act, I shall continue to follow this line today. There is no lack in subjects when it comes to maritime news, especially these days when everybody talks about the Law of the Sea Treaty. Headlines like “Law of the Sea Treaty sinks in Senate” are quite catchy and cover a subject of great interest among U.S. citizens.  I wonder when I’ll see a headline like L.O.S.T is lost? It would certainly fall in line with the existing ones, but first of all let’s see what is the Law of the Sea Treaty and why it become such a hot subject for debates.

What is Law of the Sea Treaty?

The treaty has been around for almost 30 years, since 1982 when it was signed by a large number of countries internationally at  the “Conference on the Law of the Sea” held by the United Nations. The treaty is an international accord which clearly sets some basic economic, environmental and managerial standards for the natural resources available on the world’s oceans. Well, maybe they are not so basic rules, but rather complex laws that cover a wide range of maritime issues, including shipping, oil and gas mining on the seas, as well as the delimitation of the so called EEZ’s for each nation with a coastline. EEZ stands for “Exclusive Economic Zone”, a 200 nautical mile long area, expanding from the coastline,  in which each country has exclusive right over its natural resources and exploitation of that area. Anyone interested in why exactly this limit is set to 200 NM, I left a complex answer on Quora covering just that.

Law of the Sea Treaty and the United States

More then 160 countries have joined this international Convention, but the United States is not among them. Many of our presidents urged the Congress to adhere to this ratification but it never obtained the required majority. There are certainly benefits for the U.S. to join this treaty but at the same time there valid reasons no to do so. Groups divided for or against the treaty have their own valid reasoning. One of the advantages of the treaty would be the granted rights to tap into the natural resources available on the Arctic Ocean. The arctic ice cap is melting at alarming rates, exposing new navigable territories, which in the eyes of oil companies worldwide are potential gold mines and these gold mines could be exploited by U.S. companies. Another advantage would be the power to more effectively handle international violations against the U.S., that are clearly covered by the treaty and of course the strengthening of U.S. naval power on international waters.

Against the ratification there are similarly strong arguments, with valid basis for opposing it. The most widespread reason for opposition is the idea of “loosing sovereignty” over financial and territorial resources. The U.S. would be required to pay fees to some of the United Nation’s organizations over the profits that today are entirely flowing into the United States and many aspects of the sovereign maritime sector would be subject to international laws. These laws would require to pay fines to the UN in case of environmental disasters. We all remember Deepwater Horizon, and how much such a disaster costs us, but on top of that L.O.S.T would impose fines payable to the UN too.

The latest development about the ratification reveals that it may not pass yet again, as the required opposition was met, when Republican senators Kelly Ayotte and Rob Portman announced their opposition. We will certainly hear more about the Law of the Sea in the future and who knows what will be the decision of the Senate that time.

What is the Jones Act and what does a Jones Act lawyer do?

This time I decided to do things little differently and instead of answering that question directly I provide you an embedded file that quite nicely explains the history of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, also known as the Jones Act.

View this document on Scribd

What is a Jones Act lawyer?

You probably heard the terms “Jones Act lawyer” before and wondered what does this legal specialty covers. It is quite common for attorneys to refer to themselves with the words describing the type of cases they handle or have the most experience with, since using a general description like a personal injury attorney is simply too broad. A personal injury attorney may handle cases from slip and fall accidents to toxic tort litigation. This is why identifying them by their specialties is a more effective way to provide a concise description of their expertise. Even I, in some of  my  previous articles I was referring to personal injury attorneys handling lawsuits involving defective hip implants as hip implant lawyers. Based on this logic is not hard to understand what is the specialty of a Jones Act lawyer and since the inserted article presented the topic in more detail, you should have a general idea about the expertise of a maritime Jones Act attorney. To offer a more comprehensive understanding of this topic I’d like to share a few more information to get a more detailed picture.

Who may require the services of a Jones Act attorney?

Working on the seas has always been dangerous. Besides the uncontrollable weather conditions, seaman and maritime workers are facing other dangers as well, which may include capsizing, fire, expositions and falling overboard. The United States Department of Labor offers statistics on accidents that happened on oil and gas exploration rigs. There were 174 fatal injuries in 2008 and the number of non-fatal injuries ranged from 2400 to 4700 in the years between 2003 and 2007. This may not come as a surprise since oil rigs are categorized as one the most dangerous workplaces worldwide. These statistics are only about the injuries occurred on oil and gas rigs and do not include injuries happening on boats, freight ships, tanker vessels and other ships. The causes of these oil rig accidents can be numerous but in a high majority of cases involves negligence, inattention. On ships and boats, accidents may arise from the carelessness of ship owners in failing to update their old rusty equipments with new safer ones or simply by overloading the ships with cargo, trying to squeeze a little more profit from every shipment.

When injuries occur from the above mentioned causes seaman have the right for compensation and this is when a Jones Act attorney comes in play. Jones Act compensations are different then those obtained through worker’s compensation laws and usually offers higher financial rewards. Workers injured on tugboats, offshore oil rigs or on other maritime workplaces have the right for a trial by jury based on the Jones Act, as opposed to worker’s comp. laws where injured workers do not have these rights. As with any legal issues things can be complicated but an experienced maritime Jones Act attorney could make big difference in the outcome of these claims.

What others think about hip implants

I wasn’t intending to write about hip replacements in my next post, but it just happened that I came across one of those “What others think about…” funny pictures called “Living with a hip implant” and I decided to write about this topic once more. I hope that those who received such implants won’t find sharing this funny picture offending as it is intended to bring a smile on their faces. A total hip arthroplasty, more commonly known as hip replacement is not an easy surgery and I realize that such a major operation can be very stressful. Even the recovery process takes a long time and I do hope that people with hip replacements will find this picture a bit funny and will make them smile and forget even for a moment all the hardships of the surgery.

What is an artificial hip replacement?

The first hip replacement surgery was developed decades ago and it has been perfected ever since, so as the materials used to make the artificial hip implants. The first hip implant was made out of ivory. Today the procedure is used to treat different type of conditions that lead to damaging the hip joint or to restricting its proper functionality. Such diseases includes osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, hip dysplasia, rheumatoid arthritis. This procedure is also used to correct deformities of the hip, be those caused by diseases or by accidents. The surgery has a high success rate and it is a very popular surgery worldwide and in the US also. The average age of hip implant patients is around 65 years but the procedure is not uncommon among younger people as well. The procedure, in theory, is fairly simple and consists of changing the damaged hip joint with an artificial counterpart. Much more could be written about the procedure but since I’m not a medical expert I wouldn’t dare going into details I have no knowledge about, but for those wanting to read more about hip replacements the wikipedia page should be a good starting point. My previous articles also contains a fair amount of information about hip implants.

The procedure is popular because it boosts a high success rates and in the vast majority of cases people regain their long lost mobility and get rid of the long lasting hip pain caused by the disease affecting their hip joint. After a successful surgery most people are able to lead an active lifestyle, being able to walk normally, do sports and many other activities that once were considered a daily routine. Unfortunately there is another side of this story that it also must be shared. Despite new developments of the used materials and perfecting the procedure, problems can appear in certain cases. The rapid growth in popularity and also the increasing demand for hip replacement systems has lead to the release of new implants which later proved to be associated with serious complications. Among the most common hip problems associated with the artificial joints were pain, swelling, infection, dislocation, metallosis, tissue damage and in some rare cases metal poisoning. The most negative impact on patients, also with the highest failure rates, had the so called metal on metal hip replacement systems. Although the metal on metal type of implants are still used today,  several companies issued a recall or voluntarily stopped marketing artificial hip implants that had received much negative feedback from patients and doctors too. To mention a few of these devices:

• Depuy ASR hip resurfacing and Acetubular system;
• Zimmer Durom Cup;
• Stryker Trident systems;

The story of each of these implants could be another posts, presenting the implants itself, the problems with them and the recall and maybe I’ll even write about them at a later date. Until then, you can read about and find out more specific information on the Depuy ASR systems on this page or about the Zimmer Durom Cups here.

Did you had hip replacement surgery? Share your thoughts about the funny picture I found about “Living with a hip implant”.

 

Is your lawyer hip?

“Is your lawyer hip? No he’s just a hip implant lawyer.”

Yesterday I had the laugh of my life when I found a funny picture, or you can call it a lawyer joke about hip implant attorneys. As you might imagine, I don’t come across jokes very often when I read about lawsuits and legal news, that is why this joke lightened up my day. The first thing I did was to share it on Facebook, but no one seemed to like it. That is when I realized that probably not everyone knows about hip implant lawyers and what they actually do. Even you might not consider this funny, but bear with me ’till the end of my post and once I explain what these attorneys do, you’ll spot the funny side of this.

Before jumping in the explanation of what a hip implant lawyer is I’ll have to say how do I know about them and why was I researching such topics. If you read my previous post, you should have a pretty good idea what are hip implants and why some type of these implants, were and still are under scrutiny for a long time. Most of the concerns when it comes to these devices are about the so called metal-on-metal implants. In these type of medical implants, both the femoral head and the socket joint, are made of a metal alloy, mostly from titanium, cobalt and chromium. The friction between these metal components has lead to a number of problems causing elevated metal ion levels in the bloodstream, in some rare cases even metal poisoning, metal particles pealing off have caused tissues damage and infections. All these problems adds up to a higher then normal failure rate, 12% of patients having to undergo revision surgery as soon as three to five years, while they should last at least fifteen. These problems were signaled through various sources, from FDA adverse event reports, from clinical trials, from other country’s medical registry system. Despite the growing concerns among hip implant patients and also among doctors and surgeons the FDA did nothing about them, besides sending out a few warnings. The past couple of days the FDA held a meeting to discuss exactly these issues and it was all over the news. That is why I was reading about this topic and for anyone wanting to know more about it, the Bloomberg article sums up the concerns of patients and of doctors as well.

So what does a hip implant lawyer do?

Judging by the number of the adverse event reports the FDA had received in the last two years about failing hip implants, it is clear that many patients had been negatively affected by these faulty or prematurely failing hip implants. I mentioned some of the possible complications with them and you can imagine that these complications are pretty serious. When a hip replacement fails patients have to undergo revision surgery to correct the problems, after which they have to follow a long recovery process which may take up to one year. In some more unfortunate cases patients may be left with permanent disability and loose their source of income due to their prolonged absence from work. Hip implant attorneys are personal injury lawyers with experience in product liability who help these people with legal support and represents them in lawsuits against the manufacturers of the defective devices. They fight to recover compensation for those who suffered physical and psychological injuries caused by the defective hip implants.

This is what hip implant lawyers do. This post become pretty serious by the end, although I wanted to write something more casual. At least now, that you have a clearer picture of what a hip implant lawyer do, you can appreciate the joke about them as much as I did. At least I hope so.

What’s all the fuss about recalled hip implants?

More then 300000 hip replacement surgeries are performed yearly in the U.S.

Hip replacement surgery is an increasingly popular medical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced with an artificial counterpart. The procedure is mostly performed on patients over the age of 65, to treat problems caused by osteoarthritis or damages and other diseases of the hip bone. The number of such surgeries has almost doubled over a ten year period, reaching 234000 performed total hip replacement surgeries in 2004 from, 124000 surgeries performed in 1994. This data only includes the total hip replacement procedures and does not account partial and revision hip implant surgeries. The cumulated cost of these surgeries are astounding, and counting for $11.9 billion spent in 2003 for hospital costs involving hip replacement procedures. Along with the increase of the number of these surgeries the sales and profits of medical device manufacturers have also increasing significantly. Anyone interested in more statistical data I suggest this page of the integrated Health Association.

What are the problems with these implants?

As you have expected not everything can be perfect. The increasing popularity of total hip replacement procedures is granted by the high success rate of the surgery that is mostly influenced by the skill of the surgeons and the evolution of materials used in manufacturing the hip replacement systems. Today’s hip implants are expected to last at least 15 years and many patients have regained their mobility because of this “common” procedure. However over the past ten years there were cases when specific type of implants have caused significant problems to patients. New products were rushed to the market to address the increasing demand for hip implants and unforeseen complications arose. Metal on metal type of implants are under scrutiny because of their associated problems. These tend to show unusually high failure rates along with other problems caused by friction between the two metal surfaces. These problems may include tissue damage caused by the metal shaving, infections, elevated metal levels in the bloodstream and even metal poisoning.

When problems surface about a specific type of implant usually the company issues a recall, either voluntarily, either by the request of the FDA. The latest worldwide recall has been announced just a few weeks ago. On June 1st Smith and Nephew, a UK based medical device manufacturer, announced a voluntary recall of one of their components used in hip replacements. The R3 metal liner component from their R3 Acetabular System was performing poorly as a spokesperson from the company states in their official announcement of the recall: “We regularly review the effectiveness of our products and are not satisfied with the clinical results of this component. As with all medical devices, anyone experiencing unusual symptoms should contact their surgeon.” From the same announcement we find out how many of these components have been implanted so far. This number is 7700, which far less then the number of hip implants sold by Depuy Inc. before they recalled their ASR system in 2010. It is estimated that over 90000 patients received this implant worldwide from which 40000 in the United States. If we consider the increased failure rate of almost 12% after only a few years, it is clear that many patients are affected. To correct the problems caused by the defective implants they will require revision surgery and have to go through a lengthy recovery process once again. The average hospitalization costs for hip replacement surgeries were already at $35000 in 2003, and today this number could be easily double then that. Given these high costs it is clear how much financial burden the defective products have caused to patients and medical insurance companies as well, not to mention the emotional distress, the pain and suffering that patients had to endure. Based on this data it doesn’t come as a surprise the high number of lawsuits that have been filed against Depuy Inc. and despite the fact that the Depuy ASR implant has been recalled in 2010, even today people might experience problems with it.

How does a Google News insert made my next topic

What is the relation between the Jones Act, as the “Merchant Marine Act of 1920” and Men in Black 3?

Without much thinking I would say nothing, but according to Google there is, well at least when it comes to searching for the term “Jones Act”. But let’s not get ahead of ourselves and let me explain briefly what is the “Jones Act” that I was searching for.

The “Merchant Marine Act”, most commonly known as the Jones Act is a federal law that controls shipping on the seas and waters of the United States. It is common that a law gets the name of the Senator who endorsed it. This was the case of this law back in 1920, when Senator Wesley Jones sponsored it, and became known as the Jones Act. The purpose was to create a strong shipping industry and to regulate the shipping of goods on the waters of the United States. The Jones Act that is applicable today also contains vital paragraphs about the rights of  injured seaman for compensation. If the injury was suffered due to the negligence of other workers, of the captain’s or of the vessel’s operating company, the seaman has the right to go to court and claim compensation. This page also adds: “The injured seamen can try to recover losses through the Jones Act if the employer committed an act that was the cause of the injury or if the employer failed to correct dangerous working conditions, which then led to the injury.”

There was a relatively recent shipping accident, the Costa Concordia accident, where many passengers and and even crew members have suffered injuries and some even lost their lives. Now you might wonder if the passengers can go to court and claim compensation based on the Jones Act. I highlighted two words before, “workers” and “seaman” for a reason. The Jones Act in this regard applies only to  workers, in other words the seaman must be employed, so the passengers of Costa Concordia  cannot claim any compensation under the Jones Act. The employees is another story and they might just have a rightful claim, if they qualify as a seaman. Yes, this complicates even further because not everyone working on ships, boats, vessels or piers are automatically seaman.  The wikipedia page about the Jones Act says “Any worker who spends less than 30 percent of his time in the service of a vessel on navigable waters is presumed not to be a seaman under the Jones Act”, although this is not an exact definition that you can find in any law book. This has been the subject of debate  in many cases and the success of the case might just depend on this.  You can understand how further this can go and how complex is maritime law in general. I’m sure a maritime attorney has the knowledge about all this and I’m certain that in such cases being represented by one can make a big difference.

How all this relates to Men in Black 3?

That is enough about presenting you the Jones Act, and lets get to answering my initial question, that stirred your interest in the first place. So while I was searching for “Jones Act”, Google showed me a results of an article from the News Category about Men in Black 3. I was baffled by that result. I was in theater and saw Men in Black 3, which by the way in my opinion is an excellent movie, but I couldn’t think of any other association  between the two. There is no way Google knew that I saw that movie. Maybe I’m being tracked by satellite by  Google? The answer is much simpler then that, thankfully.

This is the article that appeared, on position 3. I didn’t had to read much into the article to find the word combination “Jones act”, but in a completely and unrelated way to what I was searching for. “Four years later, Brolin shows his Jones act to the world in Sonnenfeld’s “Men in Black 3” -this is the only sentence where this combination appears, and there are references separately to “Jones” and “act”. This is a prime example where Google didn’t quite got his results right and showed a totally unrelated news for me. Although this was a News Insert, not ranking among the actual pages, but still it was interesting to find such a “glitch”.

And the proof:

The man with the most lawsuits filed

Over 4000 lawsuits filed by one man

This person is Jonathan Lee Riches and you might have heard of him before. If not somewhere else, I mentioned him in my first post as the “world’s most litigious man” as the Guinness World Book of Records called him. This is where I stop referencing him this way, because he actually didn’t liked it and sued the world renowned reference book for awarding him this title. Now, you might wonder if it is a good idea to write about this man who sues “everyone”? He’s lawsuits and reputation are very interesting and he deserves a post on my blog. I might even get my “15 minutes of fame” because of him.

Almost every article I found about him on the internet mentioned that he “sues everyone”. Technically that is incorrect and not to mention impossible, but we all get what that’s suppose to mean. The number of lawsuits he filed easily exceeds 4000 and he made himself a reputation by suing a wide range of people, institutions, organizations and companies across the United States and Worldwide. This is the part where it gets interesting. So, let’s see who he actually sued. It would be a mighty long list to publish everyone so I’ll just mention a few in no particular order:

• Pope Benedict the XVI.;
• Kingdom of Saud Arabia;
• John Deere Tractors;
• Jay Z;
• Queen of England;
• George W. Bush;
• Vienna Convention;
• Jessica Alba;
• Donald J. Trump;
• The Taliban;
• The Kremlin;

and the list could continue on several pages. A more complete list can be found here: http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2006-04-13/NC_FP_Lawsuit.pdf

As you have noticed there is no correlation between those who he sued, well at least I couldn’t find any, and judging by the wide range of people and entities sued he can easily be called a man “prone to engage in lawsuits” (Merriam-Webster definition of litigious).

While trying to write the closing line for my post I found out that he was released form prison exactly one month ago, on 04.30.2012. That is one peculiar coincidence. And if I mentioned this I should also mention that he was serving prison time because of wire fraud. So, what is he doing now? He might be suing the next person or he might have greater plans, who knows. One thing is for sure, he was an interesting subject to write about and I hope you liked this short list of some of the “defendants” against Jonathan Lee Riches.

Stay tuned. In my next post I’ll be presenting the top news about the latest lawsuits which made the “front page” of Google.